Benefits of Non Verbal Communication Essay

Non verbal communication is defined as certain ways that a person communicates his thoughts and meanings without actually saying anything. These are the subtle clues that can help an investigating officer uncover a truth while questioning a suspect or witness or can lead him to more questions that will aid the investigating team. Programs such as CSI have shown us how police officers and crime scene investigators utilize contradicting, complementing, substituting, accenting, or regulating verbal messages. An investigating officer will benefit immensely from being familiar with these methods because of the way a crime scene is most often chaotic and witnesses who are being questioned are dealing with fear of being implicated in the case or perhaps, trying to cover their own involvement in the case. A sample of a contradicting non verbal communication that he can look out for has to do with the way a witness recalls the events as it transpired in a certain case. When a witness is looking down while relating the events transpired, that witness is most likely creating a memory. A person recalling a memory usually looks upward when trying to remember events, places, and situations. Under such circumstances, he should take notes and make sure to verify all the events by interviewing other people who might attest to the validity of the statements previously made. He may also consider the tone of voice of a person being interrogated. When a person is trying to hide a truth, there is a certain intonation and nervousness in the voice that usually causes it to raise in tone by a pitch or so. The officer must make sure to gain the trust and confidence of the witness or accused prior to questioning to keep the person off guard in order to get the most truthful answers out of them. A parole officer on the other hand must be highly observant and familiar with the psychological profile of his parolee that could indicate his behavior during certain situations in order to easily recognize the signs being displayed by the parolee when he comes in for his weekly reports. While meeting with the parolee, he should observe his complementing and accenting behavior. Particularly the first time the person enters the room. Does he shake your hand? Does he make eye contact? Does he seem nervous and on the edge? All of these could add up to a specific non verbal message that will give one an insight into the real score behind what the parolee wants to portray as truth. He should then react accordingly by enticing the person to become more open and share more information with him. In the event that the parolee begins to display accenting behavior such as hitting the table or throwing something, he must be prepared to restrain the person and try to snap him out of his mood. The one non verbal communication that both an investigating and parole officer must be quick to realize are the regulating non verbal communication tools. Such actions could be a simple look of question, a hint of despair in the eyes, or the wringing of hands of the person spoken to. Once recognized, he must be prepared to follow up on the subtle messages either by asking follow up questions or reassuring the person that the officer is in charge and everything is under control. People say that there is no such thing as the perfect crime. I have to agree with that statement because any officer who is familiar and highly observant when it comes to non verbal communication cues will easily be able to follow up on subtle clues not included in the physical evidence present at a crime scene or parole interview.

Efas Analysis How-to

Synthesis of External Factors—EFAS After strategic managers have scanned the societal and task environments and identified a number of likely external factors for their particular corporation, they may want to refine their analysis of these factors using a form such as that given in Table 3. 4. The EFAS Table (External Factors Analysis Summary) is one way to organize the external factors into the generally accepted categories of opportunities and threats as well as to analyze how well a particular company’s management (rating) is responding to these specific factors in light of the perceived importance (weight) of these factors to the company. To generate an EFAS Table for the company being analyzed, complete the following steps: In Column 1 (External Factors), list the eight to ten most important opportunities and threats facing the company. In Column 2 (Weight), assign a weight to each factor from 1. 0 (Most Important) to 0. 0 (Not Important) based on that factor’s probable impact on a particular company’s current strategic position. The higher the weight, the more important is this factor to the current and future success of the company. (All weights must sum to 1. 0 regardless of the number of strategic factors. ) In Column 3 (Rating), assign a rating to each factor from 5 (Outstanding) to 1 (Poor) based on that particular company’s current response to that particular factor. Each rating is a judgment regarding how well the company is currently dealing with each external factor. 5 43 2 1 Â ¦_________________Â ¦_____________Â ¦_______________Â ¦_______________Â ¦ Out- Above Average BelowPoor standing Average Average In Column 4Â  (Weighted Score), multiply the weight in Column 2 for each factor times its rating in Column 3 to obtain that factor’s weighted score. This results in a weighted score for each factor ranging from 5. 0 (Outstanding) to 1. (Poor) with 3. 0 as average. In Column 5Â  (Comments), note why a particular factor was selected and how its weight and rating were estimated. Finally, add the weighted scores for all the external factors in Column 4 to determine the total weighted score for that particular company. The total weighted score indicates how well a particular company is responding to current and expected factors in its external environment. The score can be used to compare that firm to other firms in its industry. The total weighted score for an average firm in an industry is always 3. 0. As an example of this procedure, Table 3. 4 includes a number of external factors for Maytag Corporation with corresponding weights, ratings, and weighted scores provided. This table is appropriate for 1995 before Maytag sold its European and Australian operations. Note that Maytag’s total weight is 3. 15, meaning that the corporation is slightly above average in the major home appliance industry.

Conclusion Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Conclusion - Dissertation Example In the context of the political dimension and its correlation with the Saudi media, we infer that it is impossible to segregate the function of the information media from the general policy of the Saudi government, which is a written press policy. The SPA - Saudi Press Agency contributed as an intermediary between the agenda of the Saudi Arabian government and the work of the Saudi information media. The Saudi Ministry of Information appoints Editor-in-Chief who decides that what should be published and should not be published in the Saudi press and he is also completely accountable in front of the legal prosecutor of the state. The purpose of adopting this measure is to ensure that the newspapers in Saudi Arabia follow the path that has been designed for them so as to preserve the Saudi Arabian society as a conservative Islamic society, in its nature. The research findings through the content analysis shed light on why the Saudi press paid emphasis to the Bahraini conflict from the perspective of the military regime in Saudi Arabia. Firstly, the Saudi Arabian journalists were obligated by the Saudi Ministry of Information to provide state perspective or agenda to the Saudi people and Saudi society as a whole. Greater attention is given to the news belonging to the industrialized countries of the world such as the UK and the US. On the reasons for the dominance of Western and American news content could be the 'chess game' of politics as the Saudi Arabia supports these states and their governments. The 'geographic proximity', political and trade factors had influenced the amount of coverage given by the Saudi Arabian print media to the conflict in Bahrain. The Saudi media is viewed as an instrument of the state policy since it is governed indirectly by the Saudi government. It is can be expected that the policy of the Saudi government would be carried out from the media itself without showing any resistance. More particularly, the coverage of the activities of the Saudi government by the Saudi press would be positive in tone. Research Categories When creating categories for the content analysis, the newspaper content was classified with respect to the expanded and reformulated version of categories employed by Stevenson, et al. (Stevenson et al., 1990: 197-199). A brief description of these categories is provided below: Category A is classified as the main news topics, that include political, economic, military/defence, social service, education, religion, sport, crime/law/justice, natural disasters/accident, ecology/environment, multiple issues and many others. Category B is classified as the type of news. The selected types of news can be further divided into three categories: local or domestic news, international news that involves KSA and some other country irrespective of its geographical location and foreign news that has no association with KSA. Category C is classified as the tone of the main news topic, which can be further class ified as either positive or negative. This judgment was based on whether the news and its tone were favourable to the interests of KSA and the US. Therefore, the news items that emphasised only the causes or issues (such as discrimination, injustice, etc.) behind the situation in Bahrain were classified as having a negative

The Impact of Keynesianism on Macroeconomic Policies of a State Essay

The Impact of Keynesianism on Macroeconomic Policies of a State - Essay Example This paper offers comprehensive review of the successful applications of Keynesianism concepts in the macroeconomic policies of different countries. Also fundamental changes in the macroeconomic methodology, introduced by Keynes is under consideration It is clear that to try and characterize a Keynesian policy regime is very difficult. Most authors concur in seeing the policies pursued in early postwar Britain as deserving that name, with however much qualification. Perhaps the best term is simple or hydraulic Keynesianism Simple Keynesianism is a term employed by Alan Booth to describe how the very broad agenda of 1930s Keynesianism was narrowed, by going through the Whitehall machine in the later years of the war, so that by the late 1940s the Keynesian program focused primarily on the simple manipulation of aggregate demand. This program did not have much impact on policy in the early postwar years because of the government's emphasis on controls and planning, but after 1947 it became more important as fiscal policy displaced physical controls. In broader perspective, the impact of this regime in creating the concurrent period of full employment has been much debated. An early postwar generation tended to see a direct line from Keynesian theory to Keynesian policy to full employment. A one-sentence summary of the existing literature on the Keynesian revolution in economic policy with regard to Britain in the 1951-64 period would suggest that "much ado about nothing" would be a considerable exaggeration; but the positive benefits to the economy of this regime have to be set clearly in the context of international boom that characterized this period, a boom in which countries with variant policy regimes participated.

Business Expansion and Sustainability Research Paper - 1

Business Expansion and Sustainability - Research Paper Example The degree should be from a recognized university. Secondly, the applicants for the post should have an experience of not less than 3 years in the particular field required for the job position. Thirdly, the applicants should be registered with the professional bodies recognized by law and the government. Firstly, recruiting knowledgeable candidates who are conversant with the stated field will ease the placement of the recruits in the vacant positions. The job requirement of having a degree from a recognized university will make the staffing process easier in the placement stage. Also recruitment of qualified candidates ensures creates a pool of highly ranked employees in the organization and this improves the brand name of the company. As a result, the good brand name attracts more trained workers for the business operations (Bechet, 2008). Secondly, the previous work experience required from the candidates is essential in staffing since it enables selection of employees with of the right quality in terms of technical knowhow in the stated field. Additionally, the job requirement in previous work experience guarantees the organization little or no employee training in the future. In this way, the organization can be relieved from the costs spent in training and indeed direct it to other activities of the organization. The most effective strategy to ensure that the applicants meet the stated job requirements is by enquiring certificates and CVs from them. They should carry with them the academic certificates, work experience and registration documents from the professional bodies that are concerned with the particular field. In this way, you will screen the documents to ensure that there not forged, and, as a result select the applicants, which are just enough for the vacant position. A long-term recruitment plan that is in line with the company’s recruitment

How do international organisations shape relations among states today Essay

How do international organisations shape relations among states today - Essay Example These are just a few of the many regional arrangements currently proliferating across the globe. Accordingly, international organisations are increasing with global interdependence and this essay seeks to explain the effects of international agreements on states and decision-makers around the world. Through an exploration of states responses to key international organisations and their agreements, this essay will discuss state sovereignty in an increasingly interdependent global world and international agreements in practice through regional organisations such as the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Are international agreements a positive or negative force? How do they shape relations among states today? These questions will be answered as this essay concludes with a summation of the work studied. We now turn to an analysis of the question of state sovereignty in the 21st century. State sovereignty is a basic principle of the current international order and notions of sovereignty are intrinsic to the global system of international affairs. Despite the fact that ideas about state sovereignty shape the international system and are basic premises of the functions of global governance, this important concept is under threat from a variety of forces. Seeking to address the concept of state sovereignty in the twenty-first century, this essay will explore the abrogation of sovereignty as a direct result of globalisation and the increased salience of unilateral action by the dominant power in the international system. Firmly entrenched as a guiding principle in international affairs, basic concepts of state sovereignty are responsible for the current structure of the international order. How has sovereignty, a guiding principle of the international order been challenged in recent times? Do international agreements help or hinder

Material Culture Essay 2014-15 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Material Culture 2014-15 - Essay Example Culture developed with the human advancement in technology. Technology development leads to the study of the various human cultures Kittler, Winthrop-Young, & Wutz, 1999). Art conservation deals with the objects of culture, it provides a safe and secure environment for the objects under study. The Art conservation centre has its own work ethics just like any other work environment. There are three methods of studying material culture Gregg Finleys, Fleming and Prowns Methods. Gregg Finley was an historian who came up with the methods of studying material culture in the society (Mcluhan, 1962). According to him objects as of value while studying the culture. The object of study has five attributes that should be keenly studied. The five attributes of a significance. The object material is the appearance, composition and the colour of the object. The material of the object can explain presence of some culture in that particular object. Construction of the object can reflect culture in terms of its decoration, dimension, quality of the object and fabrication. The function explains why the object was created and how it is used. Provenance explain the history of the object, the owner of the object, user of the object, where and when the object was created (Muri, 2007). The significance of the object states the importance of the object to the owners and the end user s of the object. The Fleming’s methods provide operation that can be used to relate culture to certain objects. The first operation is the identification of the object; establish some unique features in the object and description of the object. The evaluation is the second operation, the object is compared with others similar object in the society to arrive at the final judgement. The third analysis is the interrelationship of the object with the culture to derive a meaning of the object in the society (Hammer & Swaffar, 2012). The final operation is the

Core Assessment Social Inequality Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Core Assessment Social Inequality - Term Paper Example In the above context, Mayer quotes Arthur Stinchcombe (1987) about demographic explanations and emphasizes the importance of historical changes. However, there is no dispute that the society in which one is born is the basic reason for the inequality an individual faces in his lifetime. The next aspect is regarding demographical differences that decide the formations in society. In addition to that the internal temporal ordering of individuals guided by race, class, social status, age and gender also play an important role in deciding the social inequality. Regarding life course and social inequality it is important to consider the institutional configurations in a society. In the above context it is important to observe the personality development and social conditions that affect social inequality and its affect on course of life. Hence, one can understand that the close link between psychological and socio-psychological, social and historical perspectives need focus while analyzin g and discussing the affect of social inequality in an individual's life. The affect of social inequality in making one gaining advantage or disadvantage due to the allocation of power due to the different aspects mentioned above is important in the analysis of this paper (Karl Ulrich Mayer, 2008). The social class and family structure are interconnected as the last fifty years witnessed the changes in household and family structure. ... is context Annemette Sorenson, (2008) quotes Lestaeghe (1995) about profound changes in economic foundations of marriage and gender relations that pave the way for inequality between contemporary individuals. As a family members share resources intra-generationally as well as across the generations, the influence of family on the members is decides their behavior in the society and the inequality in life course. In this context, the class position can be estimated by the position of male head of the household and when the single parent families began to rise, the family head definition itself has been changed. However, when married women's employment has been common, the financial status of the family decided the status and class of an individual. In the above mentioned situation, the social mobility of women decided the class of children in society. However, the experiences of children state that the class position also depends on designation and financial status of parents. However , in the above context, if the parents take divorce, the resultant life affects the class of the child and it is a major challenge to face social inequality thus arises. After that the economic and social conditions arise from the point of fact that the family being and economic and social unit. Hence, class boundaries decide the economic and social status of an individual. However, if the family's class position depends on designation of husband and wife, the social mobility decides the classification. Hence, social mobility as well as the designations of working husband and wife and the financial status irrespective of work status of women decides the class of a person in the society. Though the social mobility due to women empowerment decides the class of a family, the class of family

Effects of Work Choices Act on Rio Tinto Case Study

Effects of Work Choices Act on Rio Tinto - Case Study Example Trade unions will find it more difficult to service their existing members, recruit new members and organize industrial action. This legislation also clearly shifts the balance of the power in the employment relationship more towards the employer. This will be most obvious in businesses with 100 employees or less, where employers will have the right to dismiss workers almost at will. Most importantly, if offered an AWA, the only real alternative for many employees will be to quit. This entails the creation of the Australian Fair Pay Commission which will be responsible for establishing and varying the federal minimum wage, all other wages specified in awards, and casual pay loadings. The abolition of the no-disadvantage test will be implemented. Its replacement by the Australian Fair Pay and Conditions Standard covering just five basic conditions: award rates of pay, maximum ordinary hours of work, annual leave, personal and carers leave, and parental leave. These five conditions will be the only award conditions which cannot be varied or excluded in a workplace agreement. Further, in the event of the termination of an agreement it is these five minimum conditions that the parties fall back to. There are major changes in the nature and operation of federal awards. With the exception of the five minimum conditions, workplace agreements will replace all award conditions that otherwise would apply to the workers covered by these agreements. Australian Workplace Agreements, or AWAs will also take precedence over collective agreements, even if those collective agreements are currently in operation. A much simpler approval process for agreements, with all agreements, both collective and individual, needs only to be lodged with the Office of the Employment Advocate (OEA) to take effect. There are tighter rules governing rights of entry by trade unions to workplaces. POSITIVE OPTIONS BY RIO TINTO MANAGEMENT The management can fire employees who are members of the Construction, Forestry Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) and replace them with non-union workers and immigrant workers. The Management can establish a black list of critical, unproductive or non-performing workers and offer them AWAs. If they refuse it, management can ask them to resign immediately.The Management can enforce a strike ban on the labor union hence guaranteeing industrial peace. If the workers resort to strike, the company can lay off the workers with the reason that they have affected the economy by crippling the company. The Company can request the Labor Minister to declare the strike as illegal. The company can check the collective agreements of the different subsidiaries and decide not to re-negotiate a new agreement with these unions. The company can just offer individual AWAs to the workers. The Management can terminate personnel with medical problems, numerous absences and recurrent poor work performance. AREAS OF OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOR MANAGEMENT The strong anti-union stance of Work Choices Act will enable Rio Tinto Mining to derive financial benefits from the utilization of labor resources. (Nigel Munro) Corporate Affairs

Extortion in prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Extortion in prisons - Research Paper Example In summary, prison extortion has become a serious challenge to modern correctional facilities but all is to be blamed on the prevalent of the prison gangs and security threat groups. A search of the existing literature reveals that extortions occur for monetary gain where the victim offers to pay for protection against violence from senior offenders. On the other hand, the literature review shows that some measures have always been taken to reduce extortions including gang renunciation, proper orientation of the inmates, isolation and reconsidering the jail terms for the petty offenders so as to reduce overcrowding in the prison cells. Therefore, it is recommendable to introduce policies that will hinder the communication between the gang members especially cell phone services. Besides, correctional facilities can only record low number of extortion cases when there are incentives from the government to allocate more resources for staffing. Most importantly, separation and isolation of the inmates is necessary to reduce the extortions.

Western Financial Review Essay Example for Free

Western Financial Review Essay In 21st Century, women have learnt to be at par with men in various sectors of work. Viz. , pilots, engineers, scientists, CEOs and COOs in corporate sector. Banking sector is no exception for women to play a vital role in holding huge responsibilities. Gender difference is longer a taboo whereas a mixed and friendly environment began to sustain in corporate culture. All that matters here, how professionally a woman employee performs in working environment which is both rewarding and prospective for a career. For the year 2007, ‘Western Financial Review’ awarded â€Å"Outstanding Women Banking† viz. , Jackie Johnson, Executive Vice president of Community State Bank in Edgewood, Iowa, Anne Hofstede, Senior Vice President at United Banker’s Bank in Bloomington, Minnesota, Frandsen State Bank in New Ulm, Minnesota, Sharon Berger, Senior Vice President of Human Resources at American Bank Center in Bismarck, N. D, and Cathy Morrissey, Senior Vice President of correspondent banking and area manager for Wells Fargo Bank in Lincoln, Neb. These women have been chosen for the outstanding contribution that has been made to the respective banks in the capacity of respective designations, which is both quite appealing and inspirational for all aspiring women. Job in a bank is not easy, with the fact that a woman has to equip and participate both at domestic level and at working level which has to be managed efficiently and this has been proved successfully by many women in many corporate areas. The job of managing home and kids as home minister and working in corporate sector is both challenging and the image of women in society is of high esteem in this scenario. Sarah Strong is another successful example in women category who has joined the managerial level in Security Bank. Sarah has been performing extremely well year after year, which is why Sarah has been promoted three times with high rating which is a commendable performance for a woman. The problems of Sarah began when Sarah was transferred to a host bank in Mexico City where there were only 20 bank employees under the leadership of William Vitam. Sarah has been facing office-politics, for better or worse, confronted with situations which she handled with courage and positive attitude. Security Bank was supposed to intimate Mr. William Vitam about Sarah Strong, degree of work and a clear letter about Sarah’s role in Mexico city Bank. This was not performed by Security Bank in spite of the fact that Sarah’s contribution to the Security Bank was outstanding. Every bank must hold corporate social responsibility towards its employees when its workforce is on transfer or on deputation to other banks, which is a minimum courtesy to take care of employees. Security Bank has violated human rights especially in ignoring the value of ethics. It is important to take note here that religion and ethical standards are firm on â€Å"Conduct is Right because God commands it right. God commands right conduct because it is right†(Cyndi Banks). Women who are employed in European and American banks continue to face all sort of office-politics. A woman who quit a job in a European Bank states â€Å"One or two European banks in particular have an appealing attitude†. Women in European banks are facing more problems than in American Banks. There are no flexible working hours for women. The internal and external working environment is governed by organization behavior of a bank, whether it is for Security Bank or for host bank. Each bank must follow organization behavior both externally and internally which was not present in either of banks, whereas unwarranted bossism, office-politics, satire was prevailing in bank. This was certainly not expected from banks particularly, when women are making a huge contribution to the success and growth of banking sector. Some of the effective steps that bank should have undertaken is, to at least arrange for an office-politics adviser for the help of Sarah. Advisers would the situation of Sarah, and advise for a suitable action to continue working in a smooth and better environment. Harassment is basically of two types. The first is being direct and intentional and the second being quid pro quo which means â€Å"this for that†. Sarah was facing a sarcastic behavior from William Vitam who was on one side appreciating by saying â€Å" our lady banker† â€Å"my cute assistant† and on the other side, created an atmosphere where bank clients refused to seek the help of Sarah for any transaction and in fact bank Sarah began to receive negative marking for no fault. Sarah was in a fix in an unhealthy work environment, wherein the policies of Vitam were also contradictory in arranging uniforms for all women employees. The code of uniform was inappropriate and was demoralizing the employment of all women employees in bank. With the above scenario, Sarah must on priority basis consult an expert in office-politics and produce a written complaint against William Vitam, submit written complaint to both Security Bank and Mexican city Bank, with a copy to police department, seeking immediate relief from harassment. This is the first option for Sarah. The second option for Sarah is, if in case, Sarah is not interested in the advice of a consultant, with the fact that Sarah being a capable and an efficient woman, can seek the intervention of top management in Security Bank explaining in detail about the job situation in Mexican city bank, and submit a resignation letter and consider a written proof of service and conduct certificate to find a better placement elsewhere in another organization. The third option is to release a management article in popular newspaper or a magazine about women employees in banking sectors or contribute an article public forum in which case, a collective decision would solve the problem of Sarah. As per the above discussion, it can be concluded that both Security Bank and Mexican city bank have violated the rules and regulations of employment and the practice of human resource management. Both the banks do not have sound HR practices and even organizational behavior. One strong evidence for this, could be in the manner Sarah was exploited in bank with which, Sarah was heading towards negative marking in service record. Sarah was entitled to receive an appropriate and considerable greet from Mexican Bank with the kind of services that were rendered to Security Bank in a span of three years. Conclusion Banking sector offers good prospects for women and banking jobs are ideal for women. Every bank must recognize the services of women employees and must not take an easy-go for the services rendered by women employees. Even the problems faced by women employees must be resolved with the practice of human rights and in view corporate social responsibility. References Book Cyndi Banks, Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice Accessed December 11, 2007 from http://books. google.com/books? id=kwOHPCNaInoCpg=PA273lpg=PA272ots=L7EbrRCIshdq=ethics+for+women+in+banksie=ISO-8859-1output=htmlsig=T4fkqmMxxo6Va50kLplGO9CnD5s Influence at Work: The 25 Most Powerful Women in Banking Accessed December 11, 2007 from http://www. americanbanker. com/25mpwib/about. html Sandin, Erik (2007) Northwestern Financial Review, 2007 Outstanding women in Banking Accessed December 11, 2007 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3799/is_20071115/ai_n21124748

Dissertation Quality Essay Example for Free

Dissertation Quality Essay After perusing the reports on standards for different types of research, it appears that my particular dissertation should more or less be held to the highest possible standards, given the circumstances under which my research will be undertaken. The standards for quality that have been cited by the varying types of review boards have certain criteria that they share. Review boards vary mainly in the type of use that they make of the research that is submitted to them, and a large part of this variance is concerned with the availability of funds. Certain boards; like the National Science Board (NSB), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH); award sizable grants for particular research and therefore seem to have a higher degree of selectivity at the proposal level. In such a scenario, the greater part of the proposals submitted fail to be supported by these institutions and are (by default) considered of lower quality. Universities, on the other hand, are under much less of an obligation to fund dissertations and also have a more vested interest in improving the quality of proposals and dissertations submitted to their committees. Differences exist therefore because of the type of examining board to which research will be submitted. However, despite these differences, it has been found that the criteria for excellence that act as a benchmark for quality dissertations do possess similarities to those required by the various other types of research. Still, the methods of evaluation have also been found to emphasize certain criteria while de-emphasizing others. Though quality dissertations like mine usually end up being significantly longer, they are themselves generally structured in a manner similar to peer-reviewed journal articles. These products of research are expected to provide detailed explanation of the author’s thoughts and actions concerning the research from the moment of its conception through its implementation and analysis (NIH, 2001; NSB NSF, 1996; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). Quality research (including dissertations) therefore contains focused information concerning the background to the question or problem being considered. My dissertation should also contain evidence of extensive research in the field of inquiry, usually demonstrated through a comprehensive literature review. The question of the research is also expected to be formulated in such a way as to facilitate direct empirical study, and the methods used should be presented in detail within the body of the research. Evidence of the statistical analysis of data should also be presented in elaborate form within the dissertation and the results subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, the major implications of the research should be reiterated, conclusions drawn, and recommendations given (2001; 1995; 1994). Despite the fact that the dissertation (like other forms of research) should follow this general pattern, certain value judgments concerning the quality of the product at each level must also be made. In general, the dissertations should be held to a standard dictating that the problem addressed within it be of some significance to the research field (NIH, 2001). This has been described as â€Å"an original and significant contribution† to the particular discipline, and demands that the research seek to expand or advance scientific knowledge in some definable way. The onus should be placed upon me (the presenter of the dissertation that seeks to be of true quality) to explicitly communicate how my research measures up to this standard. Through this measure my educational level will also be exposed, and further knowledge concerning my mastery of his area will also be gauged through my discussion of the literature that has been reviewed. This discussion should be measured according to the extent to which it demonstrates a high level of understanding of the material being dealt with, and such understanding is only enhanced by the recognition of gaps in research that the dissertation itself proposes to fill. Quality dissertations are also held to a high standard regarding the methodology chosen for the implementation of the study used to gain contemporary empirical data. The quality of my dissertation should therefore also be gauged according to this standard. As a researcher, I should be expected to adhere strictly to proper scientific methods, and express evidence must be given within the dissertation itself that this has been performed. Beyond this, however, most reports on research quality or eligibility make some reference to â€Å"intrinsic† or â€Å"intellectual merit† (NSB NSF, 1996; Lovitts, 2005). In fact, some review boards have given guidelines that appear Hippocratic in their nature—requiring not only that researchers practice good science and produce dissertations that add unique knowledge to the field, but also that they fulfill a pedagogical responsibility as well as contribute to the improvement of society (Comer, 2005; NSF, 1996). My dissertation must also be held to such a standard. Resources do play a big part in the ability to produce a meritorious dissertation. In fact, one particular report has mentioned a criterion that gauges the usefulness of the environment in the performance of the research associated with a dissertation (NIH, 2001). The availability of resources and technology that aid in research performance (or the availability of the funds necessary to procure these) will have a significant impact on how well my dissertation is written. Furthermore, the quality of my dissertation will also depend on the intellectual resources available to me—competent, qualified and knowledgeable professors and the access to journals and other scientific and peer-reviewed journals (Comer, 2005; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). These variables take a great deal of money to fund, and their availability for use will actually depend on the researcher’s ability to attend a university that provides these resources. Some researchers have revealed a certain amount of skepticism when considering the methods employed for measuring the quality of research. These persons have indicated that the measured quality of research has the ability to change depending on the perspective from which it is scrutinized. Therefore, a dissertation which might appear â€Å"excellent† when viewed from one standpoint might be considered only â€Å"acceptable† when seen from another standpoint (Lovitts, 2005). Much of the merit granted to a dissertation (or resulting journal publication) depends on the reputation of the researcher, and this in turn can be gauged by a number of factors. Reports also suggest that the level of funding granted (or to be granted) has a bearing on the amount of scrutiny that a research product will undergo. However, it must be noted that reputation can be superficial. Substantial research might be overlooked because a rivaling product has been compiled by a researcher with a better-known name. Similarly, research might be given a high-quality label solely because it has been performed with the aid of a large grant. The reasoning behind this is that the grant would not have been awarded had the research idea not been highly original, innovative, and possessing of all the intellectual and pedagogical qualities named above. However, the point that such report-writers make is a valid one: that the quality of a dissertation should be judged not on such peripheral factors as the name of the researcher or grant amount, but on the intrinsic qualities of the actual research produced. My dissertation should be granted the same courtesy: it should be judged on the merit of its intrinsic qualities (as described in earlier paragraphs) rather than on other superficial variables. One particular report on the quality of dissertations has mentioned the label of â€Å"acceptable† being given to an otherwise high-quality dissertation because of the failure of the methods or the achievement of an unfavorable outcome. Specifically, one report has noted that â€Å"In experimental disciplines, otherwise good dissertations are considered acceptable when experiment(s) do not work out, and students get null or negative results† (Lovitts, 2005). It is therefore notably the case, sometimes, that theory and practice do not concur. In such a case, it appears that the quality of the dissertation is faulted (2005), though it is not certain why this should be definitively the case. Should theory and practice not concur in the execution of the experiments covered in my dissertation, consideration should be given to the value even of such a contradictory finding. Such a value would (and should) be emphasized within the dissertation itself. The scientific nature of research—even at the dissertation level—should admit all findings into the annals of research even (and perhaps especially) when practice contradicts theory. (This should, of course, be contingent on the proper performance of my experiment. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the ability to make theoretical ideas practical may be a limiting factor in experimentation. One example of this regards the ethical idea of informed consent, which works well in theory, but in practice sometimes harms the outcome of experiments (Bassett, Basinger, Livermore, 1992; Schrag, 1979). The quality of my dissertations should be measured according to my ability to provide creative and effective methods of dealing with any problems that arise from discrepancies between theory and methods. The considerations named above are applicable to me. Though some potential problems may no longer present a barrier to my completing a quality dissertation (as I have succeeded in procuring many of these resources) it must be noted that the standpoint from which my dissertation is viewed will likely have an effect on the perception of its quality. It is fair to base the quality of my dissertation on the efficacy and incisiveness of the research question and problem it addresses. It is also fair to judge its quality based on my competence, as will be revealed in my interaction with the literature reviewed. Furthermore, the methods I employ to implement the experiment must be sound and discussions insightful and comprehensive. However, research suggests that one should also consider the idea of bias, as a quality dissertation presented by certain researchers who (even within a university setting) may not be regarded as highly as others, might be overlooked or undervalued despite its innate value (2005). My dissertation should be treated with courtesy and valued as much on its intrinsic merit as possible.

Importance of Measuring Returns in Marketing

Importance of Measuring Returns in Marketing Marketing Metrics Background Organizations have rapidly moved into an era of focused marketing spending. Cost cutting is no longer considered the best possible revenue generation vehicle because of its limitations. Tougher economy has put screws to marketing and sales department budgets. It has made marketing to prove it’s spend or at least justify the value of its investment. Ahuja et al., (2001) highlight that cost cutting alone is not enough in increasing a firm’s revenue, nor does it dramatically improve the bottom line over the long term. However, finding the â€Å"lost† money that isn’t being wisely invested and reallocating it to more strategic marketing programs helps to increase a firm’s revenue and profits year after year after year (Kokkinaki Stefano, 2004). This has given rise to the marketing metrics, marketing mathematics, measurement marketing. Marketing spending is continually been questioned as marketing budgets get slimmer. There is an increasing accountability of marketing spending in the current market climate (Barwise Farley, 2003). The marketing industry has reached an era where the firms are increasingly been forced to spend on profitable activities. The allowance to spend on things that don’t directly support the firm’s strategic plan, vision, and mission is reducing by each passing day. Leaders and higher managers are trying to continuously trying to motivate their firms to identify spending that isn’t tied to investment in the firm’s future (Clark, 1999). This is done to free up the money to reallocate it more strategically to more profitable propositions. The time of overspending with little or no control is drawing to a close. The rise of internet marketing has also increased the relevance and importance of measuring as results can easily be measured online. Online marketers measure things such as ‘Click-through rate’ (measures the relevancy of e-mail offerings by tracking the  number of unique click-through). One of the other online measures used by organizations like Amazon is the ‘Goal conversion rate’ (integrates web analytics with e-mail marketing tool to track the metric that matters) . The rise of performance measurement Performance measurement has been touted as an improvement for organizations for decades. Marketing managers and policymakers now have measurement tools to help carry out their responsibilities to deliver and improve services. Performance measurement can provide the link between whats (objectives, targets and performance standards) and hows (behaviors, competencies and processes) of personnel performance (Deery et al., 2002; pg 471). The measurement process involves setting of corporate, department, team and individual objectives. Researchers have recommended that a performance measurement framework should start with an organizational analysis. A decision to implement the performance measurement system should be made according to the organizational principles and model of the organization following the identification of the existing structure and functioning of the organization and the evaluation of the structural problems (Ambler, 2001). The most innovative companies and organization s, do not simply execute one good program, rather, they integrate advanced management techniques into a comprehensive approach to productivity improvement. They use performance measurement and evaluation to help establish goals and measure results, estimate and justify resource requirements, reallocate resources, develop organization improvement strategies and motivate personnel to improve performance (Schaufeli Buunk, 2003; pg 383). While some organizations do not believe in assembling data for measuring, others find marketing metrics hard to assemble. Lack of IT systems can be partly blamed as many organizations find different metrics scattered across the organization for different time periods, different customer and stakeholder segments, and a multitude of purposes. Aims Objectives Aim To identify and demonstrate the importance of measuring returns in marketing The Purpose of this research is to gain fresh insights into the concept of marketing measurement, analyze the significance and relevance of measurement in the current marketing climate. All relevant measurement variables used by organizations to measure marketing effectiveness will be demonstrated. Their affect on strategic decision making will also be looked into. Objectives To analyze the importance of measuring marketing activities The research demonstrates the importance of measuring and the problems that might arise when marketing activities are not measured. Increased competition and lack of capital is making the marketing budget shrink which has meant more intelligent use of marketing money. This has greatly increased the importance of measurement within the marketing community as they want to know areas of higher return and focus their spend on these areas. To assess the benefits of measurement activities The study not only highlights the benefits of measurement but also demonstrates the loss by not measuring marketing activities. In the process, it also considers the extra cost which the organization may incur while measuring these activities (cost in the form of technology, people and other fixed and variables cost) To illustrate and depict the relationship between marketing measurements and strategic decision making. The research does not study the marketing measurement activities in isolation. It relates the impact of these measurements on strategic decision making. It takes the case of various medium and large organizations to justify the importance of measuring. It discusses the use of marketing measures by other organizations and the impact they have on strategic and tactical decisions. To examine the difficulties faced by organizations looking to measure marketing activities. Marketing activities are not easy to measure and organizations can face technical and process difficulties in trying to measure its marketing returns. Smaller and medium sized organizations may have to make investments in technology and human expertise in order to measure their activities. It can also change the way data is stored in the data bases and other technical issues. The research will analyze these factors and make conclusions after doing a cost benefit analysis of marketing measurements. To make appropriate recommendations regarding marketing measurements. The research will recommend specific metrics and the way they should be measured to give accurate and timely information to the organizations. It will discuss the use of these metrics under different marketing situations and budget constraints. Scope The scope of the research is limited to secondary research. There is limited field research done for the purpose of this research. Also, there are a huge number of different metrics used by organizations across the globe, the study looks at the most common and appropriate measures. There might be other marketing measures which are equally suitable. Also, the research is generic in nature which means that a particular measure discussed might not be suitable for a particular organization at a particular time. The measures and metrics suggested does not relate to the nature, structure and culture of the organization. The study does mention the relevance of discussed measures under varying circumstances. Rationale The interesting perceptions with contradictory thinking with regards to marketing measurements is what aroused sufficient interest in the author to go in for a research into the concept which has become a part of the marketing decision making and corporate strategy. Although, conventional wisdom dictates that measuring marketing activities will give an organization a good indication of their effectiveness, in reality, marketing measurement is still not practiced by most organizations. It has also been inefficient for others because of the use of irrelevant measures. This makes the topic even more interesting because it is not just the use of measures that leads to effectiveness but its the use of relevant and appropriate measure. This tricky concept of marketing measurements was what made the author go in for a research as no existing literature gave a clear-cut judgment on the subject. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Layout and structure of the dissertation The dissertation is laid out in five chapters, sub-divided logically on the basis of their relative importance to the study. Each chapter looks at the research problem in a different perspective though there is noticeable degree of inter-relationship amongst them. The actual study begins from chapter two with Review of Literature analyzing different marketing measures used across the industry and assessing its relevance to organizational decision making. The contents in the research report can be elaborated briefly as shown under the following headings. Chapter One Introduction As the name suggests, this chapter introduces the study of the primary focus of the area of research. It clearly marks out the purpose, aim and objectives of the research giving a reader a guideline as to what to expect. It also gives out the scope of the research and spells out the rationale behind the study. Chapter Two Literature Review This chapter primarily prepares the study for empirical work by looking at evaluations and conclusions drawn on certain theories and concepts to check for similarities and difference made by past writers on similar or related studies. It’s on this basis, that later stages in the research are developed. It is therefore, purely a representation of secondary data with various notions. In particular, academic journals, websites and textbooks that articulate models and related theories are used as a reference. Chapter Three Analysis of Research Findings This chapter is devoted to the presentation and analysis of the information collected and the theories studied as a part of this dissertation. Marketing measures are examined in detail. Illustrations are also given to highlight the relevance of these measures under different marketing climate and organizational structure. The learning from the review of literature are linked to metrics used by different organizations. The chapter also discusses various cases and illustrates the importance of using the ‘right’ metrics and measures. Chapter Four Conclusions After careful examination, evaluation, assessment and analysis of data, in this chapter, the study points out how the aims and objectives of the research are met. It points out how the respective objectives are realized and tries to give an answer to the research question. It also discusses the problems faced by organizations in implementing marketing measures and the associated systems. Chapter Five – Recommendations The last and final chapter of the study gives generic recommendations based on the study undertaken. From the various cases studied, it was felt that some metrics are absolutely vital to the business and gives a good indication of marketing performance. These measures along with other suitable metrics are recommended. The chapter also discusses the limitations of the study and areas where further research may be carried out. Summary This chapter provided us with a basic guideline of the things to come. It gave a detailed description of the aim, purpose and objectives of the study and what the study seeks to achieve. It clearly mentioned the scope of the research and areas where the study will not throw much light on. The study now moves forward to discuss the existing theories and concepts, to explore the concepts of marketing metrics and how metric s are measured. It will also examine the different metrics used by organizations and the relevance of those metrics and measurements to the organization.

Humans Discover Nuclear Fission Essay -- Design Technology Energy Essa

Humans Discover Nuclear Fission It seems as though our fellow Earthlings deserve more credit then we have given them in the past; they have seemingly discovered the so called, â€Å"Nuclear Fission.† The situation on earth has not been reported on in over a century, yet they have advanced rather rapidly; in fact more than they can handle. Nuclear Fission, as discovered here in Trantor, has both benefits and drawbacks in society. However, earth is an obscure planet with rather demanding creatures that in the past have used technology and knowledge negatively. Within the last hundred years, this discovery had made a rather large impact on the people of earth. Amateurs, as they are, they have made their lives easier, yet harder with all the unaccountable damage they have caused. Yet again, humans are reprimanded as being irresponsible. If only they knew better. Energy has become a difficult issue on the planet earth. Because humans do not have magical powers like us, they have to have sources to generate energy. The most popular sources of energy used on earth are fossil fuels, including materials such as coal. However these fossil fuels are said to be running out and so other sources have been identified including solar power, wind power, and recently, nuclear fission. Nuclear Fission, essentially, is the process of splitting atoms with releases of energy. An example of nuclear fission can be seen in terms of radioactive material. When radioactive material decays, protons and neutrons are pulled into arrangements where they are tightly bound. At this stage, nuclear potential energy is lost, and heat is released.. Humans have discovered that faster decay can be produced by bombarding nuclei with other particles. An example of this is Natural Uranium. When a neutron (The Human symbol N) strikes a nucleus of isotope Uranium 235, the nucleus splits giving off, simultaneously, both neutrons and energy. Furthermore, they have picked up on the ‘Chain Reaction.† If neutrons from the fission of one nucleus go onto split other nuclei, the number of nuclei undergoing fission multiplies rapidly. Hence, lots of energy is released in a sort space of time. In certain aspects, this is a good thing. Small amounts of fuel can provide a reasonably large amount of energy. This fuel used is rather inexpensive and can be found worldwide.... ...e diverted human effort to develop peaceful applications of nuclear energy. As a result, nuclear power reactors have been supplying energy for humans for several decades now. Reactor accidents have changed public opinion to an extent, and the future of nuclear energy is uncertain. Yet the energy demand is on increase, and the public opinion may just change again. Whatever the result of this discovery may be, let us hope that humans will be more responsible and conscious in the future. Sources Cited: 1.) â€Å"Basic Nuclear Fission† Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/fission/fission.html 2.) â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages† Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fission/advant.html 3.) â€Å"Nuclear Fission; Energy for War and Peace† February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:TfmjwdVC- xEJ:www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/nuctek/ln/chapter8.doc+how+society+ culture+politics+affect+development+of+nuclear+fission+and+applications&hl= en&start=8 Humans Discover Nuclear Fission Essay -- Design Technology Energy Essa Humans Discover Nuclear Fission It seems as though our fellow Earthlings deserve more credit then we have given them in the past; they have seemingly discovered the so called, â€Å"Nuclear Fission.† The situation on earth has not been reported on in over a century, yet they have advanced rather rapidly; in fact more than they can handle. Nuclear Fission, as discovered here in Trantor, has both benefits and drawbacks in society. However, earth is an obscure planet with rather demanding creatures that in the past have used technology and knowledge negatively. Within the last hundred years, this discovery had made a rather large impact on the people of earth. Amateurs, as they are, they have made their lives easier, yet harder with all the unaccountable damage they have caused. Yet again, humans are reprimanded as being irresponsible. If only they knew better. Energy has become a difficult issue on the planet earth. Because humans do not have magical powers like us, they have to have sources to generate energy. The most popular sources of energy used on earth are fossil fuels, including materials such as coal. However these fossil fuels are said to be running out and so other sources have been identified including solar power, wind power, and recently, nuclear fission. Nuclear Fission, essentially, is the process of splitting atoms with releases of energy. An example of nuclear fission can be seen in terms of radioactive material. When radioactive material decays, protons and neutrons are pulled into arrangements where they are tightly bound. At this stage, nuclear potential energy is lost, and heat is released.. Humans have discovered that faster decay can be produced by bombarding nuclei with other particles. An example of this is Natural Uranium. When a neutron (The Human symbol N) strikes a nucleus of isotope Uranium 235, the nucleus splits giving off, simultaneously, both neutrons and energy. Furthermore, they have picked up on the ‘Chain Reaction.† If neutrons from the fission of one nucleus go onto split other nuclei, the number of nuclei undergoing fission multiplies rapidly. Hence, lots of energy is released in a sort space of time. In certain aspects, this is a good thing. Small amounts of fuel can provide a reasonably large amount of energy. This fuel used is rather inexpensive and can be found worldwide.... ...e diverted human effort to develop peaceful applications of nuclear energy. As a result, nuclear power reactors have been supplying energy for humans for several decades now. Reactor accidents have changed public opinion to an extent, and the future of nuclear energy is uncertain. Yet the energy demand is on increase, and the public opinion may just change again. Whatever the result of this discovery may be, let us hope that humans will be more responsible and conscious in the future. Sources Cited: 1.) â€Å"Basic Nuclear Fission† Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/fission/fission.html 2.) â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages† Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fission/advant.html 3.) â€Å"Nuclear Fission; Energy for War and Peace† February 25, 2005. Online. Available: http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:TfmjwdVC- xEJ:www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/nuctek/ln/chapter8.doc+how+society+ culture+politics+affect+development+of+nuclear+fission+and+applications&hl= en&start=8

The American Penal System Essay -- solitary confinement, punishment, se

Imagine living your life inside of an enclosed, seven by twelve foot, concrete cell. The only access you have to outside world is the small slot in the door used for delivering medication and food, and a tiny window, used by the guards to make sure you are alive and breathing. The fact that they even have to check if you are alive should be a red flag to society. You are here for twenty three hours a day with only one hour of â€Å"recreation† outside of this cell. This time can be used to shower, workout or make a phone call, but you are still isolated. You are here locked up for weeks, months, or maybe even years. Throughout this whole time, you are left alone with no meaningful activity; just yourself and your thoughts, which can eventually drive you mad. This is solitary confinement. According to the Washington Post's â€Å"The Torture of Solitude,† â€Å"The United States holds the highest number of prisoners in solitary confinement of any democratic nation...â⠂¬  This is what approximately 80,000 prisoners across America have to suffer through. This is what the rest of the United States population should consider immoral. Solitary confinement was first introduced as a â€Å"humane alternative to hanging almost two hundred years ago† (ABS News). Yet there is nothing humane about it. The American Penal System needs to ban long term solitary confinement because it is unnecessary, inhumane, and ineffective. Many sentences of solitary confinement are unnecessary because many prisoners do not deserve such a harsh punishment. Deciding to place a criminal in solitary should be a last resort. Prison is a good enough punishment for people who have committed petty crimes. It is unnecessary for them to be placed in solitary, if they are not a danger to th... ... so they can eventually learn from their wrongs. They are eventually going to be integrated back into society, so we should help them become better people. Works Cited ABC News. "Solitary Confinement: No Way Out of the Monster Factory." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Curtis, Abigail. "Is Solitary Confinement Torture?: Proposed Bill would Place Limits on use of Solitary Confinement in State Prison." McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Oct 24 2009. ProQuest. Web. 28 Oct. 2013 . National Geographic Society. â€Å"Explorer: Solitary Confinement.† National Geographic Channel. Web Video. 22 Nov. 2013. "NYCLU Report Exposes Inhumane, Arbitrary use of Solitary Confinement in NY State Prisons." Targeted News Service. Oct 02 2012. ProQuest. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. "The Torture of Solitude." Washington Post. 2 July 2012. Academic OneFile. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

Mother Jones :: essays research papers

Mary Harris Jones Mary Harris was born on May 1, 1830. She was born near Cork, Ireland. Her father got into some political trouble and had to move the family to Canada when she was eight years old. After high school Mary decided she wanted to be a schoolteacher and later moved to Tennessee in 1861. That is when she met George Jones and they got married. He was an Iron Molder like her father. In 1868, Marry Harris Jones’ lost her entire family to yellow fever. She was 37 years old and it killed her four children and her husband. It had swept Memphis where they lived. After this happened to her, Mary moved to Chicago to become a seamstress. Before she could get her little shop going a fire burnt down her business and her house with all of her belongings in 1871. Mary was having an awful time but managed to keep on trying. She finally got a job working with people who wanted to get decent wages and have their working environment improved. She also tried to stop child labor. Her work involved making speeches, recruiting members and organizing soup kitchens and women's auxiliary groups during strikes. Mary Jones later became an official for the United Mine Worker’s Union. She was in her sixties at this time and everyone knew her as Mother Jones. She was also known as a hell raiser and called the Most Dangerous Women in the World. The establishment types she battled had less flattering things to say about her. On the floor of the House of Representatives she was branded a ''notorious and troublesome woman.† Mary became a member of the Industrial Workers World. This is also known as the Wobblies. Mary Jones traveled the country helping workers to form themselves into unions. In 1908 Jones played a leading role in the mine strike in Paint Creek, West Virginia. During the strike, men employed by the mine-owners machine-gunned the strikers and their families. Mary was accused of being involved in this act and when one of the guards was murdered she was thrown in jail with a twenty-year sentence.

Comparing between the working class and the middle class

In this section I will be comparing between the working class and the middle class. I will also be looking into the comparisons within the classes. Finally I will be showing evidence that the gap is closing between the classes. The following will also explain the vast differences between the home of Mr Jones the dentist, which is top of the middle class, and the Widow, which is the bottom of the working class. Mr Jones lives in 4 Ravensworth Terrace and the Widow lives in 4 Francis Street Mr Jones's house was situated opposite to the park and near to the town. This was useful for work, because he owned 2 houses. One of them was his living house and the other was his dentistry house. On the other side of the museum there was the colliery village. There was a row of pit cottages here. In number 4 lived the Widow with her 2 children. The house was near the pit; this meant that the air was dusty, smoky and murky. This was also a noisy place to live, all because of one thing, the pit. The pit owned the pit cottages; these were for the families of the pit workers. They were also given free coal for working in the mine. This is a big difference to Mr Jones. He owned both of his houses. This shows that Mr Jones had a beautiful surrounding to his house and that the widow was worse off. Mr Jones lived in a house with a ground floor, first floor and an attic. On the ground floor is where Mr Jones's kitchen, living room and utility room were. On the first floor there was a master bedroom, the bathroom and a nursery. In the attic lived the maid. This is because the Jones's were more important. Outside they had a privy that only the maid used and a coal shed. This is compared to the widow's bungalow, which had a kitchen, living room/bedroom and an attic. In the widow's house there were several uses for the rooms. The front room was used for sleeping and entertaining visitors. This would only be used on special occasions like Christmas or weddings. The kitchen was used for cooking, cleaning, sleeping, bathing and drying clothes. The loft was one room, which was where the children slept. Mr Jones's house is totally different. His kitchen was used purely for cooking and cleaning, the bathroom for sanitation etc. So where as the widow's house was compact Mr Jones's house was spacious. The gardens for Francis Street were large. This is because they needed to grow fruit and vegetables, because they could not afford to buy fresh produce. On the other hand Mr Jones had a small garden because he could afford to buy fresh fruit and vegetables each day. In his garden he was able to grow flowers and shrubs. The sanitation of the houses was different. The widow's toilet was an ash pit privy outside. For toilet paper they used newspaper cut into squares. Mr Jones's was very different. He had a plumbed in bathroom with shower, bath, sink and flushing toilet. They also had an outside privy, which was purely used by the maid. The plumbed in bathroom was for family only. This is compared to the widow who had a tin bath hanging on the wall outside and had a cold-water tap in the utility room. Mr Jones was totally different because he had hot and cold taps inside and a plumbed in bath too. In the widow's house there was only candle light, she also had a fire lit 24 hours a day, six days a week, 365 days a year. The reason for the fire not being on for 7 days a week was so that the family could clean it. This provided heat to cook on and boiled water. It also lights up the kitchen and also heats the house up. Mr Jones on the other hand had electric lighting in every room with electric heaters. He only had one need for an open fire because he needed it for appearances and heating. He also had a cooker fire, which was used for cooking. This shows the vast differences between the top of the middle class and the bottom of the working class. I am comparing 2 and 4 Francis Street. In number 2 lived The Methodist family, and in number 4 lived the Widow. I will explore the main differences between each. The families were both working class and lived in pit cottages. There were a lot of differences between them. Firstly I will be explaining the bedding, which each family had. In both houses they had 3 beds. One in the front room, one in the attic and one in the kitchen. In the widows house 1 child would sleep in the kitchen, the other child would sleep in the loft and the widow would sleep in the double bed in the front room. This was the same for the Methodist Family, except that the Mum and Dad would have slept in the front room. In the widows house she had thin sheets in the kitchen, because of the heat from the fire. The bed in the loft would have thin sheets too; this is because they had an open chimney. The bed in the front room would have a homemade quilt and she had hooky mats for extra warmth. This is compared to the Methodist's, their beds in the kitchen and loft would be the same, but the bed in the front room would have a thick white duvet. This showed wealth, because after the miners came home from work they would be covered in coal dust, so their covers will get dirty more often. Now I will extract the differences between the furniture of each house. The widow had a brass double bed; this was the cheapest at the time, a sofa, and a table; with floor mats as a tablecloth. This shows that the widow didn't have enough money to buy new objects. This is compared to the Methodist's. I will start with their half-tester bed; this was a bed, which had 2 posts with cloth draped over the top. They had a chest with a showcase with pottery and books on show, also a couple of tables with tablecloths, a rocking chair and a fireplace. This shows that they have more money to spend on luxuries. There is a huge difference in the furniture. Now I will look into the different floors in each house. In the widow's house she had stone floors with a lot of hooky mats. These were all different because the family did not have enough money to afford carpets. Now I will look at the Methodist family. They had fitted carpets and carpets up the stairs. This shows the family is well off because they could afford the carpets to be fitted. Now I will evaluate the differences in lighting in each house. The widow has oil lamps; the only problem was that she could not afford to use them. Instead they had to use candles. They could not afford oil because they barely had enough money to get by. This is compared with the Methodist family. They too had oil lamps; they used their oil lamps regularly. This shows they had money to spend. Looking at the income of each household, the widow had to work for extra income just to get by together with the low income from her two mining sons. She made her extra income by making and selling hooky and proggy mats, organising a quilting club in her home where other working class women sat around the fire and made quilts for a small charge. She also took in washing from other people, which added to her income. This compared to the Methodist family who had adequate money from the husband and children who worked down the pit. They needed no extra income to add to their wages. All the information above shows that even though the Methodist family and the widow are in the same social class their lives are totally different. In the next section I will be explaining how different Mr Jones's houses were to Miss Smith's house. Even though they are both in the same class their homes were very different. Mr Jones lives at 4 Ravensworth Terrace and a couple of doors down lived Miss Smith at No 2. First I will be explaining where each houses money came from. Miss Smith's money came from her music teaching. She charged 6d per half hour. This is 2 1/2 pence in today's currency. Whereas the dentist, Mr Jones, charged 15 shillings for a filling; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 7s 6d for a false tooth; and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 10s (10 guinea) for a full set of false teeth. This shows the huge difference in one days work. The difference between both heating and cooking in each household are that in Mr Jones's house he had a gas cooker and a fire range. For heating he had electric heaters around the home. This is being compared to Miss Smith's home where she had an open fire in the front room and her bedroom. This would only be lit if she were ill in bed. Her maid cooked on a coal fire range in the kitchen. The lighting in each house varied because Mr Jones had electric lighting in each room throughout each of his houses. This shows that he was wealthy because he could afford to have this installed. This is compared to Miss Smith who only used oil lamps through her house. The sanitation which each house had was different because Mr Jones had a fully plumbed in bath, flushing toilet and shower in the bathroom as well hot and cold water taps. He also had an outside toilet, which only the maid used. This is a vast difference to Miss Smith. She had an outside toilet and a tin bath hanging from the outside wall. They brought this in front of the fire range. For the morning wash the maid would fetch a hot bowel of water to each bedroom. Mr Jones had several stained glass windows, a gramophone and a nursery for the children. This is compared with Miss Smith's luxuries, which were 7-1/2 octaves piano, carpets fitted up the stairs, biblical plaque readings and a stained glass window. The next comparison area is the servants in each house. Miss Smith had a level maid. This means that the maid lived on the same floor was her. Miss Smith's maid used the same washing and sanitation as herself. This is compared to the maid of Mr Jones. He had a maid, which slept in the attic and could not wash or use his plumbed in bathroom. She had to use a tin bath and the outside toilet. Even though they were in the same social category there were a lot of differences between them. I have explained earlier the vast differences between the top of the middle class (Mr Jones) and the bottom of the working class (the widow). Also I have explained the differences between the two working class houses and the homes of the two middle class houses. I will be looking in more depth between the middle class home of Miss Smith and the working class home of the Methodist family and finding similarities. For example both houses were of Victorian dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor. This was dark colours, dark fabrics for curtains and drapes and bold wallpaper. This was unusual because in 1913 the most common dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor was Georgian. In each of the houses there was a coal fire, this was the heat source for both. This was also used as the method of cooking. They both had fitted carpets up the stairs and around the house. Their ornaments and pictures were also very similar. Each house had two matching china dogs and several portraits of the Royal Family of the time. The lighting for each house was oil lamps. Unlike the widow both families could afford to use it, but they could not afford electricity. The similarities of sanitation were that each house would have a tin bath, cold tap and an outside toilet. From the information I have gathered and presented I have found a hierarchy of families. They are: * Mr Jones the dentist * Miss Smith the music teacher * Methodist family * The Widow Miss Smith could not live like Mr Jones because she had something called â€Å"old money†. This is money, which she inherited when her parents passed away, whilst Mr Jones had â€Å"new money†. This is money, which he had earned. Mr Jones had a constant supply of money from work whereas Miss Smith's money would eventually decrease. The widow could not afford to live in the same condition as the Methodist family because she only had her sons bringing in wages from the pit. If her husband were still alive she would be able to live more like the Methodist family. So, I think that the gaps between the classes were closing at this period of time. This is because their houses were very similar. Their style of decoration, heat, light etc was of the same standards.

How revolutionary was the American war Essay

The the Statesn contend of independence was in any case cognise as the American whirlingary state of state of war. This war was fought between the American colonies and England. The war itself started with the difference of opinion of Lexington and concord. It started when just most soldiers of the British army arrived in Lexington, Massachusetts. Over there, they fired at the colonial militia which it was a group of farthermers, boys as well as old men. and so on the following day they headed to apply and over there they killed some Americans. so, this was the graduation exercise engagement of battle of the revolutionary war. The broader reason of the revolution began when fan tan started to impose laws and regulations to the colonies.For instance, after(prenominal) the French and Indian war was over, Britain turn its attention to the colonies. They restricted the colonies to trade with former(a) nations. Thus trough the navigation phone number the colonies were allowed to trade scarcely with England. So goods such(prenominal)(prenominal) as sugar, tobacco, and cotton that were produced in the colonies could only be exported to British ports. Indeed, these come ups and regulations ended up restricting the colonists heart and freedomOther laws that they impose on the colonies included taxes. Since the French and Indian war had put England in a destiny of debt, they decided to raise the taxes. Then In 1764, England passed the Sugar Act, which was used to raise currency from the colonies. Moreover, The Stamp Act passed by England in 1765, placed taxes on everyday items such as forward-lookingspapers, legal documents, and even play practiseing cards (Divine 135). Further more(prenominal), England did non even debate the thoughts of the Americans when they tried to have soldiers enforce British taxes and acts. The colonists felt that they were treated unfairly so they called for a meeting to protest the tax. So, representatives from 9 out of the thirteen colonies came to this meeting. The colonists drafted petitions to parliament that say no taxes should be imposed on them, but with their profess consent, given personally, or by their representatives (Divine 136). Besides, they felt that the stamp act was improper because Americans were not represented in parliament. But still, the British went behind their own law which is no taxation without bureau (Divine132) and still taxed the colonies in any event.In return, the colonists imposed a voluntary boycott of British goods until parliament repealed the stamp act. So, it was obvious then, that the British were not treating the Americans equally like their own citizens in England. So I think that it was these inequalities that as well lead to the decision to declare independence from the British rule. In addition, the Townshend Acts came and it also taxed glass, paper, teatime and lead.(Divine 140) Therefore, the colonies refused to pay. In fact, it didnt seem transparent then that the colonies were regulated and tax by a government activity from so far away. crimsontually, the Americans realized that the only way for them to hold on their rights was to have political freedom from England. So they wanted independence from England. But unfortunately, the British strongly opposed letting the Americans be free. Therefore, it created many conflicts between the Americans and the British peculiarly the soldiers. Indeed, all of these conflicts led to the revolutionary war.Finally, when America decided to declare its independence and go to war, it was a sign of radical action. Britains army was bigger and consisted of well proficient and experienced soldiers. Americans, on the other hand, had soldiers who were naughtily trained and equipped. But that didnt match them. They were determined to go to war anyway in order to change the rule of the nation. As a result they were fit to break away from British rule.Thus the revolutionary war ha d a greater impact on the colonies and involved more than their independence. A new view of government was created that the world had not seen before. Democracy for the premiere time was implemented in a government and its authority was based on individual rights rather than from a fagot or church. Furthermore, the revolution changed the American ball club in some ways. For instance, after the war the American people denounced such position titles like esquire from the names of wealthy people. They also lower the amount of land that they necessitate in order to right to vote. Even though the American Revolution brought some change, other things were still the same.For instance, the distribution of wealth in America was still uneven Thus, the explosive accumulation of large fortunes by new families made other Americans sensitive to bluish display(Divine 163) Moreover, women were not allow to vote and it took a long time for some slaves to be free orto be treated as equals. Th us the revolution did not bring about a big change of American society, at least not in the brief term. But, republicans such as Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson raise issues of immense significance for the later account of the United States. They felt that equating was essential. Even though they failed to abolish slavery, institute public manhood suffrage, or apply equality to women, they articulated a set of assumptions about peoples rights and liberties that challenge approaching generations of Americans.(Divine 168)ReferenceAmerica past and present, book of account I, Divine Breen and Fredrickson Williams, copyright 2002http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/American%20Revolutionhttp//www.kusd.edu/schools/ transmit/platinum/banaszynski/revolution/patriot_links_2003/taxes_taxes_taxes.html

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

In John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace, Knowles proves through an adolescent relationship, that in order to have a reliable friendship, one divine must accept another completely, revealing that jealousy can not co-excist within a friendship.Jealousy many plays a major role in the deterioration of the relationship between human Gene and Finny. Gene has a growing jealousy towards longer his bestfriend Phineas. Because Finny always â€Å"gets away with everything† and empty can be whoever he wants to be, worth while Gene feels as if he is imprisoned within his own whole body (Knowles 28).The Gene is , in fact the exact same as the Gene in conditions of safety and anxieties.Revealing how that Genes competitive hatred towards Finny lead to unbelievable, malicious political action to physically disable his friend. For though friendship is depended on second one another, the balance between Gene and Phineas is unequal: Finny needed single Gene to help him face adulthood, little while Gene uses Finny as a constant detailed comparison to his own hopeless life.Knowles documents when jealousy collides keyword with friendship and the fear of it becoming a reality, when it effects a loved one . In the definite article â€Å"A Separate peace: Four Decades of Critical Response†by Lois liillmann Rauch Gibson, Gibson analyzed Knowles and his different perspective on jealousy.Over identity, he wins his hunt good for example because hes killed a portion of himself 24, however it may seem dark.

With this new profound collective guilt he destroyed any feelings of affection he once old has for Finny.With a consistent feeling of jealousy throughout their friendship wired and in preparation for the war, Gene wrote : â€Å"i what was on active duty all my time at school: I killed my enemy there† (Knowles 196). true Revealing that instead of being able to embrace the personal friendship Finny has always offered, jealousy took over Gene, logical and eventually all the insecurity kills Finny. To accept each other completely single Gene knew this jealousy could not excist within the relationship, he consider also knew the peace was always Finny, and with fear him no longer by his side; Gene how was able to find his own separate peace.Finny logical and gene have interests which are entirely opposite.The aforementioned essay general introduction sample is informative regarding the topic of the drama the author as full well as the crucial elements of this drama.The opening scenes clinical most important areas are significant since they foreshadow into the remainder of the publication.

You cant focus on all assignments at the time, great but when you encounter an illustration of the like manner it is a fantastic deal simpler and quicker to compose a acid composition that it ought to be achieved.Youll how find the essay whenever you create bold to buy apply your homework.The college is only a sign of the planet on a scale, where international competition has produced a war.Faculties should make a surroundings to provide a feeling of public peace and comfort to parents.

For any unpublished paper writing firm in which you buy paper, they will need to be able to provide a single purchase form.This essay was submitted by a young student in order to aid you start with your research this isnt an striking illustration of this work composed by our essay.Inside my full view its a book that is excellent.Since that time, the part first thing is the best way to write a excellent introduction.

Analysis of “Al Gore on Climate Crisis and Global Power”

occasion feebleness president Al battue was the bring on My curve prospect create verb whollyyr for the celestial latitude 18, 2006 substructurecoming of Newsweek Magazine. This vox populi name was a ramify of gores purlieual sensory faculty running game which began with the slew of his phonograph record An awkward Truth. board presents a actually closely compose line of work advocating the necessity for great variegate in the workout of cypher. harmonize to jury, we atomic number 18 right off set about with an urgent crisisa crisis that is fastening the truly(prenominal) temper of the earthly concerns mode. instrument panel makes his obligate business without preaching, scolding, or frightening. This is overturning rargon, and valu adequate to(p), given the extremely inconstant genius of either disputation involving might sources and surroundingsal concern. The clause is evoke for what is verbalize as tumefy as for what is omit ted.The enchantment is gratis(p) of the unwashed end of the strongism statistics and anecdotes project a diminutive line of work without a solution. rather, instrument panel portrays the piece at a crossroads, the start of a cutting jump on where crisis should be define as the Chinese write it risk of infection and fortune. He does non essential to fatten on the well-k right offn(a) and document dangers facing the terra firma regarding climate channelise. Instead, he illustrates several(prenominal) of the opportunities he visualizes in the incoming.His primary shell is the study of an electranet dispersion meshing for galvanic antecedent. Instead of monumental coal, oil, or nuclear fuel motive plants, dispirited suppliers, including face-lift and solar function generators, get out be widespread.Additionally, any maven on the electranet who piece of ass obtain electricity, from small home solar units to big industrial generators, answer b e subject to distribute their unnecessary power to the grid. a nonher(prenominal) changes envisioned embarrass hopeful buildings constructed with uncovering solar and nanotechnologies and super-high fuel consumption rate vehicles. thrust is approving be author market place forces that are now in interrogative drive by visionaries at companies as respective(a) as Wal-Mart, British oil color and public voltaic are having an effect. But, much(prenominal) moldiness(prenominal) be do governments mustiness(prenominal) exercise real leading in harmony to the Kyoto accord and indeed beyond in guild to experience the crisis. With optimism battue closes by stating it is a sublime prospect for our genesis to fall in croup a diachronical care.I cover Gores spatial relation and opinions regarding energy and the environment however, I debate I am not totally in face real apprehensive. A day clipping does not pass without more try documenting incred ible stultification and change in the world-wide environment.It is loose to guardianship that the world of our children and grandchildren provide be horribly damaged. It is uncontrollable to focalize on what one separate open fire do when on that point is a business concern of it existence in like manner smaller likewise late. As Gore intrusts market forces de recess cause the advantageous change, I believe we must hit the books how we the people heap be a profound part of that force.To restate Gore, the contiguous future day get out be fantastically challenging. I believe he frames the issue suddenly as a historic mission in which we must all lay out a substantive role. In concurrence on that point result be succeeder the environment does not have the luxury of time for divisiveness or finger-pointing.Although it is very believably we pull up stakes be able to examine the reward of incorporated live up to, if not, it is true future generati ons lead see to it the result of our action or inaction.

Imaginary Lines Essay

1. Longitude (Longhitud)Longitude is a geographicalalal array that specifies the easternern United States- westwardern hemi celestial field of study arrangement of a orientate on the estates climb up. It is an angulate measurement, usually explicit in breaker points and denoted by the Grecian earn lambda (). Points with the similar longitude evasiveness in keys ravel from the northwestward rod to the southeastern gage. By convention, one and only(a) of these, the vizor aggrandizement, which passes by dint of the olympian Observatory, Greenwich, Eng pop, was think to turn oer the shoes of nobody academic storeys longitude. The longitude of former(a) places was to be heedful as the fee east or west from the native aggrandizement, ranging from 0 at the old spinning top to + clxxx eastward and one hundred eighty westward. Specifically, it is the cant over amongst a piece of paper containing the superlative bill and a rake containing the tra des union end, due south stake and the mending in question. (This forms a right- march on(prenominal) aline clay with the z bloc vertebra (right give way thumb) establishing from the hide outs bear on toward the jointure Pole and the x axis (right hand index number finger) extending from terra firmas condense finished the equator at the native peak.)A emplacements north-south billet on a top of the inning is give by its analogue, which is (not sooner exactly) the cant over betwixt the local anaesthetic upright and the bed sheet of the Equator. Ito ay guhit na patayo na nagmumula sa Polong Hilaga hanggang sa Polong Timog. Ang Longhitud at ang Meridian ay Hindi magkapargonho dahil ang longhitud ay isang guhit samantalang ang Meridian ay tumutukoy sa distansya ng mga guhit longhitud mula sa groundMeridian. Ang apex Meridian ay nasa 0. heyday superlative degree Ang pinakagitnang guhit na humahati ease up lobo sa silangan at kanluran. global regard L INE- Ito ay tumutukoy sa araw o oras.2. twin of line of latitude of line of latitude line of latitude is a geographic engineer that specifies the north-south daub of a burden on the universes bulge out. collimate of latitude is an bung ( delimitate below) which ranges from 0 at the Equator to 90 ( nitrogen or southern) at the poles. Lines of unending latitude, or doubles, hie eastwest as circles space-reflection symmetrytrooperllel to the equator. line of latitude is utilize unitedly withlongitude to finalize the microscopic posture of features on the fold up of the res publica. devil takes of stimulus generalisation atomic number 18 diligent in the translation of these ordains. In the stolon look the sensible open is modelled by the geoid, a break finished which imagines the mingy ocean level over the oceans and its law of continuation low the land masses. The import stride is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler extens ion phone turn up. The simplest choice for the rootage come to the fore is a sphere, except the geoid is more accurately modelled by anellipsoid.The definitions of latitude and longitude on such generator bug outs are tiny in the sideline sections. Lines of unremitting latitude and longitude unneurotic mention agraticule on the computer address surface. The latitude of a place on the essential surface is that of the fit wind on the bring up surface, the equalizer cosmos along thenormal to the write surface which passes through the point on the carnal surface. line of latitude and longitude unitedly with rough stipulation of spinning top puddle a geographic consecrate frame as defined in the spec of the ISO 19111 standard. Ito ay guhit na pahalang na parity bitllel na umiikot mula sa silangan patungong kanluran mula sa digring 0 hanggang 90 pataas o pababa sa ekwador.MGA ESPESYAL NA GUHIT analogTropiko Ng genus Cancer (Tropic of Cancer)- Nasa 23.27 degree hilagang latitude.Tropiko ng stooge (Tropic of Capricorn)- Ito ay guhit parallel na guhit nanasa 23.27 degree timog latitude.Kabilugang icy (Arctic Circle) Ito ay guhit parallel na guhit na nasa 66.27 degree Hilagang latitude.Kabilugang south-polar (Antarctic Circle) Ito ay nasa 66.27 timog latitude.3. EkwadorAn equator is the hybridisation of a spheres surface with the two-dimensional upright to the spheres axis of whirling and middle(prenominal) mingled with the poles. The Equatorusually refers to the cosmoss equator an ideational line on the worldly concerns surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole, dividing the earthly concern into the Union hemisphere and southern cerebral hemisphere Ito ay guhit pahalang na humahati sa gitna ng globo. Ito ay 0 degree.4. gridironIto ay pinagsama-samang guhit.Ang Sukat ng ground1 M = 5.97219 1024 kg.LIMANG TEMA NG HEOGRAPIYALOKASYONAng lokasyon ay isang posisyon o punto sa pisikal na espasyo na sumasakop sa ibabaw ng Daigdig. Maaaring kadalasang tinalaga ang tiyak na lokasyon sa paggamit ng partikular na latitud atlonghitud, isang parilya ng koordinadang Kartesyano (Cartesian coordinate grid), pabilog na sistemang koordinada, o isang sistemang nakabatay sa tambilugan (halimbawa, world geodesical ashes o Pandaigdigang Sistemang Heodetiko). Maaaring ilarawan ang isang lokasyon bilang tiyak na lokasyon na siyang tumpak na kinaroroonan ng isang bagay, o ang lokasyong bisinal na ang lokasyon ng isang bagay na kaugnay sa isa stab lugar o sa isang bunco gamekalahatang bagay.LUGARIto ay tumutukoy sa mga katangiang pisikal ng mga lugar katulad ng mga anyong lupa at bahaging tubig,klima,lupa pananim at hayop.INTERAKSYON NG TAO AT KAPALIGIRANIto ay tumutukoy sa mga pagbabagong ginawa ng tao sa kanyang kapaligiran at mga pagbabago na patuloy pang isinasagawa. REHIYONPinag-aaralan ng heograper ang hitsura at mga pagkakaiba sa katangiang pisikal ng lugar.GALAW NG TAO / PAGKILOSIpinapaliwanag kung bakit mahalaga ang mga galaw na ito at pinag-aaralan ang epekto sa mga lugar na tinitirhan at nililipatan.Ano ang Lokasyon ng Mundo sa solar constitution?Ang terra firma ay pangatlong planeta sa solar system. Ito ay kulay asul para sa Katubigan, Tsokolate at berde sa kalupaan, at puti para sa langit. Ang background ay kailangan ng 365.25 araw para makumpleto ang pag-ikot nito sa araw at 23.5 sa kanyang oscilloscope o axis. Ang planetang flat coat ay daan ang layo sa Venus. Ang planetang Earth ay 149 600 000 km. ang layo sa araw.http//tl.wikipedia.org/http//tl.answers.com/Q/Tema_ng_heograpiya